官晓军,潘宁,黄待静,王琦,李玲. 2021. 基于降水极端预报指数的福建台风极端降水预报研究. 气象学报,79(3):414-427. DOI: 10.11676/qxxb2021.022
引用本文: 官晓军,潘宁,黄待静,王琦,李玲. 2021. 基于降水极端预报指数的福建台风极端降水预报研究. 气象学报,79(3):414-427. DOI: 10.11676/qxxb2021.022
Guan Xiaojun, Pan Ning, Huang Daijing, Wang Qi, Li Ling. 2021. A study of typhoon extreme precipitation forecast in Fujian based on precipitation extreme forecast index. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 79(3):414-427. DOI: 10.11676/qxxb2021.022
Citation: Guan Xiaojun, Pan Ning, Huang Daijing, Wang Qi, Li Ling. 2021. A study of typhoon extreme precipitation forecast in Fujian based on precipitation extreme forecast index. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 79(3):414-427. DOI: 10.11676/qxxb2021.022

基于降水极端预报指数的福建台风极端降水预报研究

A study of typhoon extreme precipitation forecast in Fujian based on precipitation extreme forecast index

  • 摘要: 应用1961—2017年中国气象局热带气旋最佳路径数据集、国家地面气象观测站日降水观测资料和2015年8月—2017年12月欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)集合预报系统降水极端预报指数(EFI)数据,根据百分位法定义台风影响期间福建省各站点的台风极端降水阈值,采用最小阈值法剔除台风极端降水时EFI箱线图中的异常值,保留最小值作为台风极端降水EFI阈值,建立基于EFI阈值的台风极端降水预报方法。用该方法分别对2015年8月—2017年12月和2018年登陆或影响福建台风进行台风极端降水回报和预报试验,采用TS、空报率、漏报率对回报和预报结果进行检验。结果表明:福建台风极端降水阈值由沿海向西北内陆逐渐减小,其中中北部沿海地区的阈值最大;台风日降水量与日降水EFI预报、台风极端降水时的日降水量与日降水EFI预报均存在明显的正相关,日降水EFI预报的箱线图差异指数(Ibd)也表明EFI可以较好地区分台风极端降水和非极端降水;预报试验20时(北京时)起报时效12—36、36—60、60—84和84—108 h的台风极端降水预报TS分别达到0.26、0.22、0.20和0.19,总体上略优于回报试验;台风极端降水越显著,台风极端降水预报效果越好,回报和预报都存在的不足是空报率高,主要出现在台风极端降水不明显的个例中。降水EFI预报对台风极端降水预报具有较好的指示意义,基于降水EFI阈值的台风极端降水预报产品可在业务中作为台风极端降水预报的参考。

     

    Abstract: The Extreme Forecast Index (EFI) is an indication of potential extreme weather event based on measurement of the differences between the ensemble prediction and the model climate. By using 24 h total precipitation EFI product from the ECMWF ensemble prediction system, an objective method of EFI threshold is developed to predict extreme precipitation events in Fujian province caused by tropical cyclones (TCs). For individual national synoptic weather station, its daily TC rainfall observation exceeding the 95th percentile of its climatological ones from 1961 to 2017, used as the extreme threshold, is defined as TC extreme precipitation event. The EFI threshold at each lead time up to 5 d for TC extreme precipitation at every station is defined by a minimum threshold method, which takes the minimum value as the threshold after removing the anomalous values (outliers and negative values of EFI forecast in this study) from the EFI box plot drawn with the EFI forecasts when the TC extreme precipitation events occurred during the period from August 2015 to December 2018. Experiments have been done by applying the EFI thresholds to reforecast and forecast TC extreme precipitation events in Fujian province from August 2015 to December 2017 and in 2018, respectively, and the performances are evaluated based on the threat score (TS), false alarm ratio and miss rate. The results are as follows. The TC extreme precipitation threshold gradually reduces from coastal areas to inland areas in the northwest of Fujian province. The coastal areas in north central Fujian province have the largest threshold (greater than 100 mm) while the inland area in the northwest of Fujian province has the smallest threshold (less than 50 mm). Daily precipitation caused by TCs, especially extreme precipitation, has significant positive correlation with 24 h precipitation EFI. The box difference indexes of EFI also show great capability to distinguish TC extreme and non-extreme precipitation events. TS for the forecast experiments are 0.26, 0.22, 0.20 and 0.19 with lead times of 12—36, 36—60, 60—84 and 84—108 h initialized at 20:00 BT. Forecast experiments have better forecast skills than reforecast experiments in general, and TC cases with significant extreme precipitation tend to have better forecast results. The disadvantages of both experiments are high false alarm rates which are more likely to occur in TC cases with no extreme precipitation. In summary, precipitation EFI is a good indicator to forecast TC extreme precipitation. This objective forecast method based on precipitation EFI provides a reference for TC extreme precipitation forecast.

     

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