边界层辐合线触发深厚湿对流研究进展

苏爱芳; 郑永光; 张宁; 王迪; 俞小鼎

doi:10.11676/qxxb2022.013

边界层辐合线触发深厚湿对流研究进展

doi: 10.11676/qxxb2022.013

苏爱芳^{1, 2,},
郑永光^3, ,,
张宁²,
王迪²,
俞小鼎⁴

1.
中国气象局（河南）农业气象保障与应用技术重点实验室，郑州，450003
2.
河南省气象台，郑州，450003
3.
国家气象中心，北京，100081
4.
中国气象局气象干部培训学院，北京，100081

基金项目: 河南省2020年度国家超级计算郑州中心创新生态系统建设科技专项（201400210800）、河南省科技攻关项目（212102310416）、国家自然科学基金项目（42175017）、河南省强对流预报创新团队项目

详细信息

作者简介:
苏爱芳，主要从事暴雨、强对流预报技术研究。E-mail：610061618@qq.com

通讯作者:
郑永光，主要从事强对流和强降水等中尺度气象学研究。E-mail：zhengyg@cma.gov.cn

中图分类号: P445 P446
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-08-05
- 修回日期: 2021-12-06
- 网络出版日期: 2021-12-15

A review of research on boundary convergence lines triggering of deep and moist convection

SU Aifang^{1, 2
,},
ZHENG Yongguang^{3
, ,},
ZHANG Ning²,
WANG Di²,
YU Xiaoding⁴

1.
Henan Key Laboratory of Agrometeorological Support and Applied Technique，China Meteorological Administration，Zhengzhou 450003，China
2.
Henan Meteorological Observatory，Zhengzhou 450003，China
3.
National Meteorological Centre，Beijing 100081，China
4.
China Meteorological Administration Training Centre，Beijing 100081，China

摘要

摘要: 边界层辐合线（BLCL）是指存在于边界层内的线状气流汇合带，被认为是深厚湿对流的主要触发系统，有多种类型，其触发对流作用非常复杂。文中就BLCL（不包括冷锋）触发对流事件的统计研究、其导致的局地温湿扰动对触发对流的影响、BLCL对流触发机制等方面的中外研究进行了系统回顾总结。已有研究结果表明，不同天气系统背景、不同地区BLCL的类型、表现形式不同，其触发深厚湿对流的概率、与对流风暴的位置、时间的相关也有所不同。BLCL能否触发对流还与大气环境条件、BLCL与其他动力学过程相互作用有关。在一定的对流环境条件下，局地温湿扰动不仅对BLCL的强度产生影响，而且还可以通过影响BLCL附近大气层结状态的分布影响到对流能否被触发。BLCL与环境动力和热力相互作用产生的局地变化使对流触发机制变得更加复杂。建议未来基于精细的观测资料和数值模拟试验针对不同区域、不同类型的BLCL的对流触发特征和机制开展系统研究。
- 边界层辐合线 /
- 地表差异 /
- 气候统计 /
- 对流触发机制
Abstract: Boundary layer convergence lines (BLCLs), an important type of weather system that can trigger deep moist convection, correspond to quasi-linearly extending airflow confluence zones in the boundary layer. Multiple types of BLCLs exist, and mechanisms for their triggering of convection are complicated. This paper summarizes the existing studies on the climatological statistics of BLCLs (excluding cold fronts) and mechanisms for their triggering of convection, and the effects of local temperature and moisture disturbances on the convection triggering. These studies have presented that the triggering probability, the storm location and time correlation are all affected by different synoptic systems and BLCL types in different regions. Under certain favorable conditions, local temperature and moisture can not only affect BLCL intensity, but also affect the distribution of atmospheric stratification near BLCLs, and thus convection initiation can occur. Moreover, the dynamical and thermal interactions between local temperature and moisture disturbances and the environment make the convection triggering mechanisms more complicated. The paper also discusses some convection triggering issues that need to be further studied. Based on fine observations and numerical simulation, it is also suggested to carry out more systematic studies on the characteristics and mechanisms of convection triggering for different regions and different types of BLCLs in the future.
- Boundary layer convergence line /
- Surface difference /
- Climatological statistics /
- Convection triggering

HTML全文

图 1 出流边界相互作用类型（锯齿线代表出流边界，黑箭头代表出流边界的移动方向，AOC表示两条出流边界的交角）（Harrison，et al，2009）

Figure 1. Diagram of interaction types of outflow boundaries （Saw-tooth lines represent outflow boundaries，and black arrows indicate the direction of propagation of the outflow boundaries）（Harrison，et al，2009）

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 （a） 2000—2005年6月平均（06时，世界时） 975 hPa相对湿度分布（郑永光等，2007），（b）2003—2017年暖季（5—8月）中国东北区域干线出现频次网格分布（等经纬度网格颜色越深表示该区域内干线出现频次越高，网格上的数字表示该网格区域内干线发生频次，发生频次为0 的网格则默认不标记数字；红色和蓝色实线分别为1000 和800 m 等高线）（方祖亮等，2020）

Figure 2. （a） Monthly mean relative humidity in 975 hPa at 06：00 UTC of June from 2000 to 2005 （Zheng，et al，2007），（b） Gridded frequency distribution of drylines in Northeast China during the warm season （May—August） from 2003 to 2017 （the deeper the color of the longitude and latitude grid，the higher the occurrence frequency of drylines in the region. The number on the grid indicates the frequency of drylines in the region. If the occurrence frequency is 0 within a grid，the number is not marked by default. The red and blue solid lines in the figure represent 1000 and 800 m isohypse lines，respectively）（Fang，et al，2020）

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 2016年6月30日09（a）、10（b）时（北京时）沧州雷达0.5°仰角径向速度场、自动气象站风场、散度和气温（黑色圆点分别表示沧州雷达站和石家庄市位置；色阶为径向速度场，单位：m/s；蓝色风羽表示偏北风，黑色风羽表示偏南风；L代表冷区，N代表暖区）（公衍铎等，2019）

Figure 3. Radial velocity of radar at 0.5° elevation in Cangzhou，and wind，divergence and temperature of automatic weather stations at 09：00 （a） and 10：00 BT （b） 30 June 2016 （black dots indicate the location of radar station in Cangzhou and the location of Shijiazhuang city；shaded：radial velocity；blue barbs：northerly；black barbs：southerly，unit：m/s）（Gong，et al，2019）

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 BLCL （阵风锋）附近对流初生示意（a. Rotunno等（1988）提出的模型，b. Wakimoto等（2010）总结的模型；“+”表示正水平涡度，“−”表示负水平涡度，单矢线表示环流，双矢线表示上升运动，锯齿线表示边界）

Figure 4. Schematic model illustration of days when thunderstorm initiated along boundaries （a. model proposed by Rotunno，et al （1988）， b. model summarized by Wakimoto，et al （2010）； "+" represents positive horizontal vorticity，"−" represents negative horizontal vorticity，single-arrow line represents circulation，double-vector line represents upward movement and saw-tooth line represents boundary）

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

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