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CMA-GFS全球预报系统中的台风初始化

瞿安祥 麻素红 张进 刘艳

瞿安祥,麻素红,张进,刘艳. 2022. CMA-GFS全球预报系统中的台风初始化. 气象学报,80(2):269-279 doi: 10.11676/qxxb2022.014
引用本文: 瞿安祥,麻素红,张进,刘艳. 2022. CMA-GFS全球预报系统中的台风初始化. 气象学报,80(2):269-279 doi: 10.11676/qxxb2022.014
Qu Anxiang, Ma Suhong, Zhang Jin, Liu Yan. 2022. Typhoon initialization in the CMA global forecast system. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 80(2):269-279 doi: 10.11676/qxxb2022.014
Citation: Qu Anxiang, Ma Suhong, Zhang Jin, Liu Yan. 2022. Typhoon initialization in the CMA global forecast system. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 80(2):269-279 doi: 10.11676/qxxb2022.014

CMA-GFS全球预报系统中的台风初始化

doi: 10.11676/qxxb2022.014
基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1506700、2017YFC15011904)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    瞿安祥,主要从事资料同化及台风初始化研究。E-mail:quax@cma.gov.cn

  • 中图分类号: P457.8

Typhoon initialization in the CMA global forecast system

  • 摘要: 在CMA-GFS(CMA Global Forecast System)全球四维变分资料同化系统(4DVar)基础上,参照BDA(Bogus Data Assimilation)方法,建立了一个全球模式台风初始化方案。该方案通过4DVar同化窗口吸收诊断处理后的1 h间隔台风中心定位及中心气压信息,利用模式动力物理约束产生台风环流。同时,考虑到模式对台风的分辨能力,中心气压数据误差采用动态调整技术。2016年西北太平洋22个台风的试验表明,新方案不仅可以促进初始场中台风环流的生成,还可以显著减小CMA-GFS全球预报系统的台风路径和强度预报平均误差,具有业务应用前景。

     

  • 图 1  基于CMA-GFS全球4DVar系统的新台风初始化方案流程

    Figure 1.  The flowchart of new typhoon initialization scheme based on CMA-GFS global 4DVar system

    图 2  2016年7月29日09时00分台风Nida 海平面气压场 (a、b,单位:hPa) 和风场 u 分量 (c、d,单位:m/s) 垂直剖面 (沿127.8°E) 分布 (a、c. 背景场,b、d. 分析场)

    Figure 2.  Sea level pressure (a,b;unit:hPa) and vertical cross section of u-wind (c,d;unit:m/s) along 127.8°E for typhoon Nida valid at 09:00 UTC 29 July 2016 (a,c. background,b,d. analysis)

    图 3  2016年7月29日12时00分预报48 h后台风Nida 海平面气压场 (a、b,单位:hPa) 和 风场 v 分量 (c、d,单位:m/s) 垂直剖面 (沿台风中心) 分布 (a、c. 对照预报,b、d. 试验预报)

    Figure 3.  48 hour forecast of sea level pressure (a,b;unit:hPa) and vertical cross section of v-wind (c,d;unit:m/s) along the typhoon center for typhoon Nida valid at 12:00 UTC 29 July 2016 (a,c. control,b,d. experiment)

    图 4  对照预报和试验方案于2016年7月29日12时00分预报的台风Nida移动路径和实况对比 (实线是观测路径,短虚线、点虚线分别是对照预报和试验方案的预报路径;间隔6 h)

    Figure 4.  TC track forecasts (6 h intervals output) from control (dashed line) and experiment (dot-dashed line) runs initialized at 12:00 UTC 29 July 2016 plotted against best-track observed (solid line) TC track (6-h intervals) for Typhoon Nida

    图 5  2016年9月10日03时00分台风Meranti 海平面气压场 (a、b,单位:hPa) 和 (c、d) 风场 u 分量 (c、d,单位:m/s) 垂直剖面 (沿139.8°E) 分布 (a、c. 背景场,b、d. 分析场)

    Figure 5.  Sea level pressure (a,b;unit:hPa) and vertical cross section of u-wind (c,d;unit:m/s) along 139.8°E for typhoon Meranti valid at 03:00 UTC 10 September 2016 (a,c. background,b,d. analysis)

    Continued

    图 6  应用3 h (三角形)、1 h (正方形) 间隔台风中心气压数据同化后,CMA-GFS全球预报系统预报的台风平均 (a) 移速误差和 (b) 移向误差

    Figure 6.  Mean forecast errors in typhoon moving speed (a) along-track and direction (b) cross-track predicted by CMA global forecast system with assimilation of 3-hourly (triangles) and 1-hourly (squares) central pressure

    图 7  基于新 (三角形)、旧 (五角星) 台风初始化方案的CMA-GFS全球预报系统预报的台风路径平均误差

    Figure 7.  Mean typhoon track errors predicted by CMA global forecast system with new initialization scheme (triangles) and old operational scheme (pentagrams)

    图 8  基于新 (三角形)、旧 (五角星) 台风初始化方案的CMA-GFS全球预报系统预报的 (a) 台风移速和 (b) 台风移向平均误差

    Figure 8.  Mean errors in typhoon moving speed (a) along-track and direction (b) cross-track predicted by CMA global forecast system with new typhoon initialization scheme (triangles) and old operational scheme (pentagrams)

    图 9  基于新 (三角形)、旧 (五角星) 台风初始化方案的CMA-GFS全球预报系统预报的 (a) 台风中心气压和 (b) 最大风速平均误差

    Figure 9.  Errors in mean (a) typhoon central pressure and (b) maximum surface wind predicted by CMA global forecast system with new typhoon initialization scheme (triangles) and old operational scheme (pentagrams)

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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2021-05-27
  • 录用日期:  2022-02-21
  • 修回日期:  2021-12-03
  • 网络出版日期:  2021-12-23

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