近30年塔里木盆地浮尘天气及持续浮尘滞空的气候特征

孟露; 赵天良; 何清; 杨兴华; 买买提艾力·买买提依明; 杨帆; 周成龙; 霍文; 王敏仲; 潘红林; 杨婕

doi:10.11676/qxxb2022.022

近30年塔里木盆地浮尘天气及持续浮尘滞空的气候特征

doi: 10.11676/qxxb2022.022

1.
中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所/中国气象局塔克拉玛干沙漠气象野外科学试验基地，乌鲁木齐，830002
2.
南京信息工程大学大气物理学院，南京，210044

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（41905014、42030612、41875019）、新疆气象局引导性计划项目（YD202206）、新疆气象局高层次人才项目（2021-46）、中亚大气科学研究基金项目（CAAS201913）

详细信息

作者简介:
孟露，主要从事沙漠大气边界层数值模拟。E-mail：menglu@idm.cn

通讯作者:
赵天良，主要从事大气物理与大气环境研究。E-mail：tlzhao@nuist.edu.cn

中图分类号: P461⁺.3
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-09-13
- 录用日期: 2022-02-28
- 修回日期: 2022-01-23
- 网络出版日期: 2022-02-22

Climatic characteristics of floating dust and persistent floating dust over the Tarim basin in the recent 30 years

1.
Institute of Desert Meteorology，CMA，Urumqi/ Taklimakan Desert Meteorology Field Experiment Station of CMA，Urumqi 830002，China
2.
School of Atmospheric Physics，Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology，Nanjing 210044，China

摘要

摘要: 塔里木盆地沙尘天气具有独特的持续浮尘滞空区域特征。目前塔里木盆地浮尘天气的气候学特征认知依然停留在1990年，亟待认知近30年塔里木盆地浮尘天气的变化特征。因此，利用1991—2020年塔里木盆地27个观测站浮尘天气观测资料，分析塔里木盆地近30年浮尘天气的时、空变化特征，并给出盆地持续浮尘天气的频次分布，以加深对塔里木盆地浮尘“滞空”变化特征的认识。近30年（1991—2020年）塔里木盆地浮尘日数年际变化趋势呈“V”型特征，即1991—2011年浮尘天气呈现整体下降趋势，但2012年以来反转为上升趋势。塔里木盆地南部皮山—和田—策勒—民丰一线地区维持一个浮尘天气频发区的极值中心，且进入21世纪以来，盆地南部这一浮尘天气频发区的极值中心东移至民丰地区，中心值为152 d。塔里木盆地浮尘天气具有独特的区域特征，近30年盆地持续2 d及其以上的浮尘天气占浮尘日总数的64.25%。塔里木盆地南部和田与策勒等地，甚至出现持续30 d以上的月时间尺度持续性极端浮尘事件。给出了一个值得关注的塔里木盆地浮尘“滞空”的沙尘气候特征。
- 塔里木盆地 /
- 沙尘天气 /
- 持续性浮尘 /
- 气候特征
Abstract: There are unique regional characteristics of persistent floating dust in the Tarim basin. At present, our understanding of the climatological characteristics of floating dust over the Tarim basin still remains for the scenario before 1990, and it is imperative to understand the variation characteristics of floating dust in the recent 30 years. Based on the dust weather observation data collected at 27 weather stations in the Tarim basin during the period 1991—2020, temporal and spatial variation characteristics are analyzed and the frequency distribution of persistent floating dust is obtained to fully understand the variation characteristics of floating dust in the Tarim basin. In the recent 30 years (1991—2020), the interannual variation trend of floating dust days displays a "V" shape in the basin, that is, the whole basin experienced a downward trend from 1991 to 2011, and the trend has turned to upward since 2012. The Pishan-Hotan-Cele-Minfeng area to the south of the Tarim basin is an maximum value center of frequent floating dust. Since the beginning of this century, the maximum center of floating dust in the south of the basin has moved eastward to Minfeng area, where the maximum value is 152 d. Floating dust exhibits unique regional features in the Tarim basin. In the recent 30 years, floating dust persistent for 2 days or longer accounts for 64.25% of the total floating dust days in the Tarim basin. Even monthly scale extreme floating dust events that could last for more than 30 days were observed in Hotan, Cele and other places in the south of the basin. A climatic dust characteristic of persistent floating dust in the Tarim basin is presented.
- Tarim basin /
- Dust weather /
- Persistent floating dust /
- Climatic characteristics

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图 1 塔里木盆地及周边27个观测站点位置（色阶为海拔高度）

Figure 1. Geographic locations of 27 observation sites over the Tarim basin and its surrounding areas and terrain elevation （color shaded）

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图 2 近30年塔里木盆地及周边年平均浮尘天气日数（单位：d）空间分布（彩色散点代表浮尘天气日数；色阶表示海拔高度；“皮山-和田-策勒-民丰”一线用紫色箭头标出）

Figure 2. Spatial distribution of floating dust days over the Tarim basin and its surrounding areas averaged in the recent 30 years （Color scatter points represent floating dust days，and color shadings show terrain elevation；the line "Pishan-Hotan-Cele-Minfeng" is marked by the purple arrow）

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图 3 1991—2020年塔里木盆地平均浮尘天气日数的年际变化趋势（灰色柱）及1991—2010年拟合曲线y₁ （绿色直线），2011—2020年拟合曲线y₂ （橙色直线），Savitzky-Golay平滑曲线（红色虚线）

Figure 3. Interannual variation trend of floating dust days （d） in the Tarim basin averaged from 1991 to 2020 （gray colum bars），fitting curve y₁ from 1991 to 2010 （green line），fitting curve y₂ from 2011 to 2020 （orange line）， and Savitzky-Golay smooth curve （red dotted line）

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图 4 1991—2020年塔里木盆地各季（a. 春季，b. 夏季，c. 秋季，d. 冬季）平均浮尘日数的年际变化及拟合曲线（y₁：蓝色直线，y₂：红色直线）

Figure 4. Interannual variation trends and fitting curves of floating dust days in （a） spring，（b） summer，（c） autumn， and （d） winter over the Tarim Basin averaged from 1991 to 2020 （y₁：blue line，y₂：red line）

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图 5 1991—2020年塔里木盆地平均浮尘天气日数及标准偏差的月际变化（红色圆点代表平均浮尘天气日数，黑色竖线到圆点的距离代表标准差）

Figure 5. Monthly variation of floating dust days and standard deviation in the Tarim Basin averaged from 1991 to 2020 （The red dots represent the average number of floating dust days，and the distance from the black vertical lines to the red dots represent the standard deviation）

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图 7 塔里木盆地不同站点浮尘天气日数的年代际变化趋势（a. 逐年代递增型， b. 逐年代递减型，c. 21世纪初期最多型， d. 21世纪初期最少型）

Figure 7. Interdecadal variation trend of floating dust days at different stations in the Tarim basin （a. the increasing type year by year，b. the decreasing type year by year，c. the most frequent type in the early 21st century，d. the least frequency type in the early 21st century）

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图 8 1991—2020年塔里木盆地浮尘天气日数年代际变化的空间分布

Figure 8. Spatial distribution of interdecadal variation of floating dust days in the Tarim basin from 1991 to 2020

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图 9 1991—2020年塔里木盆地持续2 d及以上（a）和持续10 d及以上（b）持续性浮尘天气的频次分布（次数：灰色柱，百分比：红色点线）

Figure 9. Frequency distribution of persistent floating dust lasting for 2 d or more （a），and lasting for 10 d or more （b） in the Tarim basin from 1991 to 2020 （occurrence times：gray column bars， percentage：red dotted line）

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图 10 1991—2020年塔里木盆地持续2—5 d （a）、持续6—10 d （b）、持续11—30 d （c）、持续31 d及以上（d）浮尘天气频次的空间分布（彩色散点代表不同持续浮尘天气出现次数，色阶表示海拔高度）

Figure 10. Spatial distribution of persistent floating dust frequency （a） lasting for 2—5 d，（b） lasting for 6—10 d，（c） lasting for 11—30 d，and （d） lasting for 31 d or more in the Tarim basin from 1991 to 2020 （color scatter points represent the occurrence times of different persistent floating dust，and color shadings represent terrain elevation）

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表 1 塔里木盆地及周边27个观测站站点信息

Table 1. Information of 27 observation stations over the Tarim basin and its surrounding areas

序号	站点	序号	站点	序号	站点	序号	站点	序号	站点
1	轮台	2	库尔勒	3	尉犁	4	铁干里克	5	若羌
6	且末	7	塔中	8	库车	9	阿克苏	10	阿拉尔
11	柯坪	12	巴楚	13	麦盖提	14	岳普湖	15	喀什
16	莎车	17	叶城	18	皮山	19	和田	20	于田
21	民丰	22	策勒	23	阿图什	24	巴音布鲁克	25	乌恰
26	吐尔尕特	27	塔什库尔干

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表 2 1991—2020年塔里木盆地浮尘天气变化的统计特征参数

Table 2. Statistical characteristic parameters of floating dust change in the Tarim basin from 1991 to 2020

季节	拐点年份	拟合方程		相关系数r		显著性检验
季节	拐点年份	y₁	y₂	y₁	y₂	y₁	y₂
春	2012	y₁=−0.31x+654.96	y₂=2.11x−4226.2	0.30	0.60		*
夏	2013	y₁=−0.51x+1032.43	y₂=1.24x−2478.9	0.77	0.54	**
秋	2011	y₁=−0.50x+1019.2	y₂=0.63x−1253.4	0.77	0.44	**
冬	2011	y₁=0.03x−52.29	y₂=1.25x−2510.4	0.1	0.73		*
通过0.05显著性水平t检验，*通过0.01显著性水平t检验。

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