留言板

尊敬的读者、作者、审稿人, 关于本刊的投稿、审稿、编辑和出版的任何问题, 您可以本页添加留言。我们将尽快给您答复。谢谢您的支持!

姓名
邮箱
手机号码
标题
留言内容
验证码

基于FY-4A的庐山云海特征及其成因研究

陈勇 段婧 王新 郭强 张小鹏

陈勇,段婧,王新,郭强,张小鹏. 2023. 基于FY-4A的庐山云海特征及其成因研究. 气象学报,81(6):1-12 doi: 10.11676/qxxb2023.20220188
引用本文: 陈勇,段婧,王新,郭强,张小鹏. 2023. 基于FY-4A的庐山云海特征及其成因研究. 气象学报,81(6):1-12 doi: 10.11676/qxxb2023.20220188
Chen Yong, Duan Jing, Wang Xin, Guo Qiang, Zhang Xiaopeng. 2023. Characteristics and formation of seas of clouds around Mt. Lu based on FY-4A satellite observations. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 81(6):1-12 doi: 10.11676/qxxb2023.20220188
Citation: Chen Yong, Duan Jing, Wang Xin, Guo Qiang, Zhang Xiaopeng. 2023. Characteristics and formation of seas of clouds around Mt. Lu based on FY-4A satellite observations. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 81(6):1-12 doi: 10.11676/qxxb2023.20220188

基于FY-4A的庐山云海特征及其成因研究

doi: 10.11676/qxxb2023.20220188
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(42175109、41675137)、中国气象局重点创新团队(CMA2022ZD10)。
详细信息
    作者简介:

    陈勇,主要从事大气物理与大气环境研究。E-mail:chenyong@mail.iap.ac.cn

    通讯作者:

    段婧,主要从事云降水物理与人工影响天气研究。E-mai:duanjing@cma.gov.cn

  • 中图分类号: P40

Characteristics and formation of seas of clouds around Mt. Lu based on FY-4A satellite observations

  • 摘要: 利用FY-4A卫星等资料分析了2019—2021年的19次庐山白天云海过程(12个传统云海和7个瀑布云过程),研究了庐山云海特征及其形成机制,评估了卫星资料在云海识别中的应用。研究表明:FY-4A可见光云图可基本辨识庐山云海范围及宏观演变特征,但较难刻画出小尺度瀑布云的精细结构;FY-4A的云顶高度L2产品可用于庐山传统云海的识别,但较难识别瀑布云过程。非洋面海岛的庐山也存在云系尾流现象且频率较高(共3次过程),由绕流作用形成的尾流云系呈逗号状分布,做规律性摆动但无连续涡旋;该尾流型云海形成的主要因素是庐山为相对周边孤立的椭圆形山体、冷高压底部的强北风低空急流、山腰逆温层。庐山云海发生时大多受地面高压控制且位于850 hPa的高湿区或边缘区域,该区域的弱下沉运动形成的逆温层和低空充沛的水汽有利于庐山云海形成及维持。

     

  • 图 1  庐山周边地形 (a) 及云海适宜观测点位置 (b) (b底图为FY-4A的0.65 μm可见光晴天灰度云图,500 m分辨率、400×400像素、约240 km×240 km范围、2021年11月11日12时30分 (北京时),下同)

    Figure 1.  Topography of Mt. Lu (a) and locations of observation sites (b) (the background of b is the FY-4A 500 m resolution cloud image of the 0.65 μm visible channel in a clear sky at 12:30 BT 11 November 2021,which covers an area of 240 km×240 km)

    图 2  两个庐山传统云海过程的FY-4A可见光云图 (a. 2020年3月1日08时30分,b. 2020年3月1日08时53分,c. 2021年1月24日07时38分,d. 2021年1月24日08时53分;实线表示庐山山体轮廓,虚线表示因庐山山体阻挡形成的波状云带尾流轮廓,白色箭头表示云海移动方向)

    Figure 2.  FY-4A visible-channel cloud images of traditional seas of cloud (TSOCs) around Mt. Lu at (a. 08:30 BT 1 March 2020, b. 08:53 BT 1 March 2020,c. 07:38 BT 24 January 2021,d. 08:53 BT 24 January 2021;the solid,dashed line and arrow indicating the region of Mt. Lu,the wake zone of SOC and the movement of SOC,respectively)

    图 3  图2,但为庐山瀑布云过程 (a. 2020年11月30日07时30分,b. 2020年11月30日08时30分)

    Figure 3.  Same as Fig. 2 but for small-scale SOCs with cloud waterfalls over Mt. Lu (SSOCs) at (a) 07:30 BT 30 November 2020 and (b) 08:30 BT 30 November 2020

    图 4  庐山云海过程中FY-4A的云顶高度 (a. 2021年2月12日08时,b. 2021年4月23日08时) 和2021年4月23日08时雾区分布 (c) (紫红色圆点为庐山气象站位置)

    Figure 4.  FY-4A cloud top height at (a) 08:00 BT 12 February 2021,(b) 08:00 BT 23 April 2021 and fog-area detection at (c) 08:00 BT 23 April 2021 during SOCs in Mt. Lu (the purple point indicates the Mt. Lu meteorological station)

    图 5  庐山传统云海 (a. 尾流型,b. 山前堆积型)、瀑布云 (c) 的ERA5海平面气压 (蓝色实线) 和850 hPa风场 (风羽) 及相对湿度 (色阶) (a. 2020年3月1日08时,b. 2021年1月24日08时,c. 2020年11月30日08时;红色圆圈为庐山气象站位置)

    Figure 5.  Sea level pressure (blue contours) and 850 hPa wind (barbs) and relative humidity (shaded) from ERA-5 for TSOCs (a,b) and SSOCs (c) over Mt. Lu at (a) 08:00 BT 1 March 2020,(b) 08:00 BT 24 January 2021 and (c) 08:00 BT 30 November 2020 (the red cycle marks the Mt. Lu meteorological station)

    图 6  有明显尾流的庐山云海过程中南昌探空站的温度 (a) 和风速廓线 (b)

    Figure 6.  Vertical profiles of temperature (a) and wind speed (b) for TSOCs with wake phenomena in Mt. Lu

    图 7  图6,但为庐山其他传统云海和瀑布云 (分别在图例中以字母Y、P开头)

    Figure 7.  Same as Fig. 6 but for other TSOCs and SSOCs in Mt. Lu with a capital letter of Y and P in the legend,respectively

    图 8  庐山云海的物理概念模型

    Figure 8.  Schematic illustration of SOCs of Mt. Lu

    表  1  庐山云海特征 (2019—2021年)

    Table  1.   Characterists of seas of clouds (SOCs) around Mt. Lu (2019—2021)

    序号 日期 时间 现象 地点 云海移向 T2m
    (℃)
    VIS
    (km)
    RH
    (%)
    WS
    (m/s)
    WD
    o
    可见光云图
    特征
    CTH
    1 2019-02-28 08时 传统云海 牯岭 西—东 0.6 0.3 100 0.9 70 西部山体无云 1*
    2 2019-04-10 17时 瀑布云 牯岭 西—东 5.6 8 100 1.8 360 可辨识瀑布云 0
    3 2019-06-11 08时 瀑布云 仰天坪 北—南 20.0 16 36 8.0 70 可辨识瀑布云、薄云 0
    4 2019-06-23 08时 瀑布云 牯岭 北—南 15.6 0.2 100 5.8 40 0
    5 2019-07-23 09时 传统云海 五老峰 南—北 23.9 18 79 1.8 250 似冷流云,长条细胞状 1
    6 2019-09-04 08时 传统云海 王家坡 东北—西南 18.9 17 81 3.1 20 西部晴空多 1
    7 2019-12-18 07时 瀑布云 牯岭 西—东 0.6 0.2 96 8.0 80 1
    8 2019-12-19 15时 传统云海 牯岭 北—南 −0.6 0.2 100 1.8 30 有尾流,北部山体无云 1
    9 2019-12-31 07时 传统云海 牯岭 西—东 −5.6 4 96 9.8 90 中部山体可见 0
    10 2020-03-01 07时 传统云海 三地 北—南 3.3 0.3 100 5.8 10 有尾流,北部山体无云 0
    11 2020-05-22 06时 瀑布云 牯岭 东北—西南 15.6 0.2 97 4.9 30 可辨识瀑布云、多
    层云
    1
    12 2020-07-21 06时 瀑布云 牯岭 南—北 21.7 30 84 1.8 190 可辨识瀑布云、多
    层云
    0
    13 2020-11-30 07时 瀑布云 牯岭 东—西 1.7 30 70 4.9 80 可辨识瀑布云、晴
    空多
    0
    14 2020-12-10 08时 传统云海 牯岭 西南—东北 3.3 5 100 0.9 210 西部山体无云 1*
    15 2021-01-24 09时 传统云海 三地 东南—西北 5.0 30 61 1.8 160 东部山前有Ω带状云 1*
    16 2021-01-28 07时 传统云海 牯岭 南—北 −1.1 7 100 3.1 10 仅西边云海且移动少 1
    17 2021-02-12 08时 传统云海 牯岭 西南—东北 西部山体无云 1*
    18 2021-03-02 08时 传统云海 牯岭 东北—西南 −1.1 3 100 8.9 40 有尾流,北部山体无云 1
    19 2021-04-23 08时 传统云海 牯岭 东北—西南 15.6 28 87 0.9 70 北部山体无云 1
     注:此处“牯岭”包括大月山、小天池、剪刀峡、日照峰等;“三地”为牯岭、五老峰、仰天坪。T2m、VIS、RH、WS、WD分别为庐山气象站相应或相邻时刻的3 h地面气象观测要素(地面2 m气温、能见度、相对湿度、10 m风速、10 m风向)。“CTH”表示根据FY-4A云顶高度信息(4 km分辨率)能否判断有云海,“1*”表示可辨识云海,山体可见,但云顶较高约为2—4.5 km;“1”与“1*”类似,但云顶高度为0.3—2.1 km;“0”表示根据云顶高度较难辨识云海。
    下载: 导出CSV
  • [1] 邓承之,周国兵,韩潇等. 2022. 重庆黑山谷云海景观气象特征研究. 西南大学学报(自然科学版),44(5):169-177. Deng C Z,Zhou G B,Han X,et al. 2022. Study on meteorological characteristics of sea of clouds landscape in Chongqing Black Valley. J Southwest Univ (Nat Sci Ed),44(5):169-177 (in Chinese

    Deng C Z, Zhou G B, Han X, et al. 2022. Study on meteorological characteristics of sea of clouds landscape in Chongqing Black Valley. J Southwest Univ (Nat Sci Ed), 445): 169-177 (in Chinese)
    [2] 狄迪,周镕连,赖睿泽. 2022. 基于风云四号成像仪云产品的视场偏差订正和影响分析. 气象学报,80(4):632-642. Di D,Zhou R L,Lai R Z. 2022. Parallax shift effect correction and analysis based on Fengyun-4A advanced imager. Acta Meteor Sinica,80(4):632-642 (in Chinese

    Di D, Zhou R L, Lai R Z. 2022. Parallax shift effect correction and analysis based on Fengyun-4A advanced imager. Acta Meteor Sinica, 804): 632-642 (in Chinese)
    [3] 丁国香,刘安平,杨彬. 2019. 黄山冬半年云海预报研究. 气象与环境学报,35(2):97-101. Ding G X,Liu A P,Yang B. 2019. Study on the forecast of cloud landscape in Huangshan Mountain in winter half-year. J Meteor Environ,35(2):97-101 (in Chinese

    Ding G X, Liu A P, Yang B. 2019. Study on the forecast of cloud landscape in Huangshan Mountain in winter half-year. J Meteor Environ, 352): 97-101 (in Chinese)
    [4] 冯立梅,蒋晓伟,刘小英等. 2003. 庐山旅游气候资源评价及深度开发. 江西师范大学学报(自然科学版),27(2):173-176. Feng L M,Jiang X W,Liu X Y,et al. 2003. Evaluation and thorough exploitation of the tourism climate resources in Mt. Lushan. J Jiangxi Norm Univ (Nat Sci Ed),27(2):173-176 (in Chinese

    Feng L M, Jiang X W, Liu X Y, et al. 2003. Evaluation and thorough exploitation of the tourism climate resources in Mt. Lushan. J Jiangxi Norm Univ (Nat Sci Ed), 272): 173-176 (in Chinese)
    [5] 国家卫星气象中心. 2017a. FY4A云顶高度实时产品格式说明. http://img.nsmc.org.cn/PORTAL/NSMC/DATASERVICE/DataFormat/FY4A/Data/Format/FY4A_AGRI_L2_CTH_V1.2. pdf. National Satellite Meteorological Centre. (2017a−09−06). FY4A cloud top height realtime product format. http://img.nsmc.org.cn/PORTAL/NSMC/DATASERVICEDataFormat/FY4A/Data/Format/FY4A_AGRI_L2_CTH_V1.2.pdf (in Chinese
    [6] 国家卫星气象中心. 2017b. FY4A雾检测产品格式说明. http://img.nsmc.org.cn/PORTAL/NSMC/DATASERVICE/DataFormat/FY4A/Data/Format/FY4A_AGRI_L2_FOG_V1.0. pdf. National Satellite Meteorological Centre. (2017b−09−07). FY4A fog detection product format. http://img.nsmc.org.cn/PORTAL/NSMC/DATASERVICE/DataFormat/FY4A/Data/Format/FY4A_AGRI_L2_FOG_V1.0.pdf (in Chinese
    [7] 韩瑛,王元,伍荣生. 2004. 远东济州岛尾流现象的GMS卫星遥测研究. 自然科学进展,14(5):554-561. Han Y,Wang Y,Wu R S. 2004. GMS satellite observations of wake formation of Jizhou Island in East Asia. Prog Nat Sci,14(5):554-561 (in Chinese

    Han Y, Wang Y, Wu R S. 2004. GMS satellite observations of wake formation of Jizhou Island in East Asia. Prog Nat Sci, 145): 554-561 (in Chinese)
    [8] 江祖凡,陆瑛. 1986. 云海和薄云降水. 气象,12(10):21-22,38. Jiang Z F,Lu Y. 1986. Cloud sea and thin cloud precipitation. Meteor Mon,12(10):21-22,38 (in Chinese

    Jiang Z F, Lu Y. 1986. Cloud sea and thin cloud precipitation. Meteor Mon, 1210): 21-22, 38 (in Chinese)
    [9] 李芳芳,陈起英,吴泓锟. 2019. 基于秒级探空资料的中国地区浮力频率分布. 应用气象学报,30(5):629-640. Li F F,Chen Q Y,Wu H K. 2019. A statistical study of brunt-vaisala frequency with second-level radiosonde data in China. J Appl Meteor Sci,30(5):629-640 (in Chinese

    Li F F, Chen Q Y, Wu H K. 2019. A statistical study of brunt-vaisala frequency with second-level radiosonde data in China. J Appl Meteor Sci, 305): 629-640 (in Chinese)
    [10] 陆风,张晓虎,陈博洋等. 2017. 风云四号气象卫星成像特性及其应用前景. 海洋气象学报,37(2):1-12. Lu F,Zhang X H,Chen B Y,et al. 2017. FY-4 geostationary meteorological satellite imaging characteristics and its application prospects. J Mar Meteor,37(2):1-12 (in Chinese

    Lu F, Zhang X H, Chen B Y, et al. 2017. FY-4 geostationary meteorological satellite imaging characteristics and its application prospects. J Mar Meteor, 372): 1-12 (in Chinese)
    [11] 乔舒婷,达勇,曹慧萍. 2016. 华山云海的时间变化及其气象条件分析. 陕西气象,(6):27-30. Qiao S T,Da Y,Cao H P. 2016. Analysis of time variation and meteorological conditions of Huashan cloud deck. J Shaanxi Meteor,(6):27-30 (in Chinese

    Qiao S T, Da Y, Cao H P. 2016. Analysis of time variation and meteorological conditions of Huashan cloud deck. J Shaanxi Meteor, (6): 27-30 (in Chinese)
    [12] 单权,冯国标,梁晓妮. 2014. 雁荡山云海的时空变化特征及其与气象因子的关系. 浙江气象,35(2):34-37. Shan Q,Feng G B,Liang X N. 2014. Spatial and temporal variation characteristics of the sea of clouds in Yandang Mountain and its relationship with meteorological factors. J Zhejiang Meteor,35(2):34-37 (in Chinese

    Shan Q, Feng G B, Liang X N. 2014. Spatial and temporal variation characteristics of the sea of clouds in Yandang Mountain and its relationship with meteorological factors. J Zhejiang Meteor, 352): 34-37 (in Chinese)
    [13] 吴有训,王克强,杨保桂等. 2005. 黄山连续性云海过程的天气学分析. 气象,31(4):73-76. Wu Y X,Wang K Q,Yang B G,et al. 2005. Synoptic analysis of a continuous cloud deck event in Huangshan Mountain. Meteor Mon,31(4):73-76 (in Chinese doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0526.2005.04.017

    Wu Y X, Wang K Q, Yang B G, et al. 2005. Synoptic analysis of a continuous cloud deck event in Huangshan Mountain. Meteor Mon, 314): 73-76 (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0526.2005.04.017
    [14] 肖雯,刘春,汪如良等. 2020. 2005—2015年庐山云海时间变化特征及气象条件分析. 气象科学,40(6):859-867. Xiao W,Liu C,Wang R L,et al. 2020. Temporal distribution characteristics and meteorological conditions of cloud deck event in Lushan Mountain from 2005 to 2015. J Meteor Sci,40(6):859-867 (in Chinese

    Xiao W, Liu C, Wang R L, et al. 2020. Temporal distribution characteristics and meteorological conditions of cloud deck event in Lushan Mountain from 2005 to 2015. J Meteor Sci, 406): 859-867 (in Chinese)
    [15] 张志清,陆风,方翔等. 2017. FY-4卫星应用和发展. 上海航天,34(4):8-19. Zhang Z Q,Lu F,Fang X,et al. 2017. Application and development of FY-4 meteorological satellite. Aerosp Shanghai,34(4):8-19 (in Chinese

    Zhang Z Q, Lu F, Fang X, et al. 2017. Application and development of FY-4 meteorological satellite. Aerosp Shanghai, 344): 8-19 (in Chinese)
    [16] Barnett K M. 1972. A wind-tunnel experiment concerning atmospheric vortex streets. Bound-Layer Meteor,2(4):427-443 doi: 10.1007/BF00821546
    [17] Bowley C J,Glaser A H,Newcomb R J,et al. 1962. Satellite observations of wake formation beneath an inversion. J Atmos Sci,19(1):52-55 doi: 10.1175/1520-0469(1962)019<0052:SOOWFB>2.0.CO;2
    [18] Hersbach H,Bell B,Berrisford P,et al. 2020. The ERA5 global reanalysis. Quart J Roy Meteor Soc,146(730):1999-2049 doi: 10.1002/qj.3803
    [19] Hindman E E,Lindstrom S. 2022. The formation and composition of the Mount Everest plume in winter. Atmos Chem Phys,22(12):7995-8008 doi: 10.5194/acp-22-7995-2022
    [20] Houze R A Jr,2012. Orographic effects on precipitating clouds. Rev Geophys,50(1):RG1001
    [21] Kobayashi Y,Ueno K. 2021. The genesis tendency for a sea of clouds to occur at night in the Japanese Alps region derived by surface observation and satellite data. Tenki,68(8):371-389 (in Japanese)
    [22] Schween J H,Kuettner J,Reinert D,et al. 2007. Definition of “banner clouds” based on time lapse movies. Atmos Chem Phys,7(8):2047-2055 doi: 10.5194/acp-7-2047-2007
    [23] Smolarkiewicz P,Rotunno R. 1989. Low Froude number flow past three-dimensional obstacles. PartⅠ:baroclinically generated lee vortices. J Atmos Sci,46(8):1154-1164 doi: 10.1175/1520-0469(1989)046<1154:LFNFPT>2.0.CO;2
    [24] Wirth V,Kristen M,Leschner M,et al. 2012. Banner clouds observed at Mount Zugspitze. Atmos Chem Phys,12(8):3611-3625 doi: 10.5194/acp-12-3611-2012
    [25] Wirth V,Bubel P,Eichhorn J,et al. 2020. The role of wind speed and wind shear for banner cloud formation. J Atmos Sci,77(4):1199-1212
    [26] Xian D,Zhang P,Gao L,et al. 2021. Fengyun meteorological satellite products for earth system science applications. Adv Atmos Sci,38(8):1267-1284 doi: 10.1007/s00376-021-0425-3
    [27] Yang J,Zhang Z Q,Wei C Y,et al. 2017. Introducing the new generation of Chinese geostationary weather satellites,Fengyun-4. Bull Amer Meteor Soc,98(8):1637-1658 doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0065.1
    [28] Zhang P,Lu Q F,Hu X Q,et al. 2019. Latest progress of the Chinese meteorological satellite program and core data processing technologies. Adv Atmos Sci,36(9):1027-1045 doi: 10.1007/s00376-019-8215-x
  • 加载中
图(8) / 表(1)
计量
  • 文章访问数:  119
  • HTML全文浏览量:  14
  • PDF下载量:  27
  • 被引次数: 0
出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2022-11-01
  • 录用日期:  2023-10-25
  • 修回日期:  2023-06-13
  • 网络出版日期:  2023-06-29

目录

    /

    返回文章
    返回