测风激光雷达资料质量控制和湍流探测性能研究

Researches on data quality control and turbulence detection performance of Doppler wind lidar

  • 摘要: 目的为获取高精度的风廓线和湍流产品,全面认识测风激光雷达应用潜力。资料和方法基于径向速度和信噪比,开展了测风激光雷达5波束(DBS5)模式观测资料的质量控制算法研究。通过与铁塔搭载的三维超声风速仪对比验证,评估了测风激光雷达DBS5模式获取的三维风速和湍流的探测性能。结果结果显示,在140m高度处,测风激光雷达具有卓越的观测精度,水平风速(WS)、垂直速度(w)、垂直速度标准差()、摩擦速度()和平均湍流强度(TKE)的均方根误差(RMSE)分别低至0.4m/s、0.1m/s、0.1m/s、0.1m/s和0.5m2/s2。此外,还分析了时间尺度、观测仰角和空间尺度对雷达观测精度的影响。研究发现,时间尺度的变化对其观测精度影响可忽略不计,而观测仰角对TKE影响较大。空间尺度对w、和影响较小,而对WS和TKE影响较大。研究北京晴空条件下的湍流廓线特征发现,不同时段、不同高度垂直速度功率谱均展现经典-5/3标度律特征,但在高频区域存在白噪声,且白噪声随着探测高度的增加而加剧,在边界层以上尤为显著。对低空急流的垂直湍流结构特征分析结果表明,低空急流期间伴有强烈的上升运动,且急流高度以下的湍流较强,急流高度及其以上的湍流大幅减弱。结论研究为测风激光雷达在不同场景下的应用提供了基础支撑,揭示了北京晴空条件下的湍流廓线特征。

     

    Abstract: Aiming to obtain high precision wind profile and turbulence products and fully understand the application potential of wind lidar, quality control of Doppler wind lidar with five-beam swing (DBS5) mode was investigated in this work using radial velocity and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The three-dimensional wind and turbulence obtained by the DBS5 mode of wind lidar were systematically evaluated by a three-dimensional ultrasonic anemometer mounted on a tower. The results show that the wind lidar exhibits excellent observational accuracy, with root mean square errors (RMSEs) as low as 0.4m/s, 0.1m/s, 0.1m/s, 0.1m/s, and 0.5m2/s2 for horizontal wind speed (WS), vertical velocity (w), standard deviation of vertical velocity (), friction velocity (), and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), respectively, at a height of 140m. Moreover, the impacts of time scale, elevation angle, and spatial scale on observational accuracy of wind lidar were investigated. The results indicate that variations in time scale have little effects on observational accuracy, while elevation angle may effect the accuracy of TKE. Additionally, the RMSEs of WS and TKE gradually increase with the increase of spatial scale, while the accuracy of w, , and remain relatively stable. Further investigation of profile of turbulence and vertical velocity under clear-sky conditions in Beijing indicates that the power spectra of vertical velocity is consistency with the classical -5/3 scaling law at different periods and heights, just that white noise appears in the high-frequency region, which intensifies with height, especially above the boundary layer. Finally, the vertical turbulence of low-level jets (LLJs) observed by Doppler wind lidar show that the turbulence is stronger below the jet height and weaker in and above the jet height.

     

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