Abstract: This paper provides a brief summary of representative research outcomes on the Arctic-midlatitude connection since the founding of the Chinese Meteorological Society in 1924. Major findings are as follows.（1）The revelation of the North Atlantic Oscillation, the Arctic Oscillation, and the Arctic Dipole anomaly represents three significant milestones in the study of large-scale Arctic-midlatitude teleconnections. （2）Before the mid-1990s, Chinese scholars revealed the key pathways by which Arctic cold air affects cold wave processes in East Asia, the key areas of cold waves, and the dynamical processes of cold high pressure during cold waves. These findings are outstanding representatives of researches on Arctic-midlatitude connection and have profoundly influenced the development of meteorological sciences in China and the prediction of cold wave processes in winter.（3）The melting of Arctic sea ice and Arctic warming anomalies influence mid-latitude weather events and climate variations by affecting evaporation of water vapor from the ocean surface, turbulent heat flux between the atmosphere and the ocean, meridional temperature gradient in the atmosphere, zonal winds, path and intensity of storm tracks, and propagation of large-scale horizontal teleconnection patterns and planetary waves between the troposphere and stratosphere.（4）The melting of Arctic sea ice plays an important role in modulating interdecadal variation of wintertime atmospheric circulation, leading to alternative occurrences of warm Arctic-cold Eurasia (2004/05—2012/13) and warm Arctic-warm Eurasia (2013/14—2018/19). The former strengthens the connection between the Arctic and the mid-latitude, while the latter corresponds to a noticeable weakening of the Arctic-mid-latitude connection.（5）The melting of Arctic sea ice facilitates a frequent occurrence of Arctic cold anomalies in the middle and lower troposphere during summer, leading to the formation of blocking circulation anomalies in high-latitude regions that are conducive to the occurrence of heatwaves and wildfires in some high-latitude regions.（6）The frequency of summertime heatwaves averaged from the Tibetan Plateau to the mid- and low-latitude areas of eastern China has a direct dynamical link with the frequent occurrence of summertime Arctic cold anomalies in the middle and lower troposphere. The systematic northward shift of zonal winds in the troposphere over East Asia is the underlying mechanism that links Arctic cold anomalies to heatwaves in East Asia. Future research on Arctic-midlatitude connections should pay more attention to the impact of Arctic sea ice melting on low-frequency variability of atmospheric circulation, especially the impacts of both different spatial anomalies and amplitudes of anomalies in Arctic sea ice concentrations. It is necessary to quantitatively examine the impact of Arctic sea ice melting on extreme weather and climate events.